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civil war的词源解释,civil war来源

civil war(n.)

"同胞之间或社区内的战斗",源自于14世纪晚期的 civil,意为“发生在同胞之间”,在 batayle ciuile(“内战”等)中得到证实。确切的短语 civil war 出现在15世纪晚期(拉丁短语为 bella civicus)。古英语中的一个词是 ingewinn。古希腊语中有 polemos epidemios

早期的使用通常是指古罗马。后来,在英格兰,指议会和查理一世之间的斗争(1641-1651); 在美国,指南北战争(1861-1865),这种应用经常被批评为完全不准确,但在战争期间(除了其他名称之外)在北方使用,并在1884-87年间发表的“世纪杂志”中流行的“内战的战斗和领袖”系列中得到推广。

"The war between the States," which a good many Southerners prefer, is both bookish and inexact. "Civil war" is an utter misnomer. It was used and is still used by courteous people, the same people who are careful to say "Federal" and "Confederate." "War of the rebellion," which begs the very question at issue, has become the official designation of the struggle, but has found no acceptance with the vanquished. To this day no Southerner uses it except by way of quotation .... "The war of secession" is still used a good deal in foreign books, but it has no popular hold. "The war," without any further qualification, served the turn of Thucydides and Aristophanes for the Peloponnesian war. It will serve ours, let it be hoped, for some time to come. [Basil L. Gildersleeve, "The Creed of the Old South," 1915]
“州之间的战争”,许多南方人更喜欢这个说法,既书面又不准确。 “内战”是一个完全错误的名称。有礼貌的人使用它,这些人也会小心地说“联邦”和“联盟”。 “叛乱战争”,这恰恰是问题的关键,已成为这场斗争的官方名称,但未被战败者接受。直到今天,除了引用外,没有南方人使用它....“分离战争”在外国书籍中仍然被广泛使用,但在民间没有影响力。 “战争”没有任何进一步的限定,对于修昔底德和亚里士多芬来说,它足以描述伯罗奔尼撒战争。希望它能为我们服务一段时间。[巴塞尔·吉尔德斯利夫,“旧南方的信条”,1915年]

该词起源时间:14世纪末